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Proteins:
If different proteins with the same molecular size should be separated, or if the proteins should still function after electrophoresis, there are 2 possibilities to do that:
The Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) or Native, anodal/cathodal Electrophoresis
There are several advatages for the use of native proteins instead of the IEF:
1. Quicker 2. Cheeper 3. Less complicated staining methods (to be stained like SDS-gels)
To decide if an anodal electrophoresis (anions in a basic buffer system) or a cathodal electrophoresis (cations in an acidic buffer system) should be used, the isoelectric points (IP) of the proteins should be known. In general the acidic proteins (IP below ph 7) should run in a basic pH towards the anode as anions, and the basic proteins (IP over pH 7) should run in a acidic pH towards the cathode as cations.
DNA:
Run only anodal as double stranded or single stranded samples or on denaturing gel.
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